Advantages of progressive cylindrical ladles with flat bottom:
reduction of specific costs for refractories during operation owing to efficient capacity of the ladle;
increase of refractories service period;
increase of steel structure service period owing to shape of the ladle;
increase of operational reliability.

Solution approaches:
cylindrical shape of the ladle;
flat bottom;
correct selection of ladle inner configuration;
increase of ladle capacity;
application of optimum refractories.